Pharmacotherapeutic Assessment of Three Major Infectious Disorders in District Abbottabad and Haripur

The current study was focused on the assessment of pharmacotherapeutic practices and potential drug-drug interactions among patients suffering from three major infectious disorders, including Typhoid fever, Pneumonia, and urinary tract infection (UTI).

The data collection process included 300 patients (with 100 cases belonging to each disease) visiting DHQ Hospital, Haripur, and Jinnah International Hospital, Abbottabad. Comprehensive patient profiles, including disease prognosis, diagnosis, and therapeutic management, were carefully assessed for each patient, along with their comparison with standard therapeutic guidelines for identification of potential drug-associated risks. Analysis was performed based on sex-disaggregated comparison to critically evaluate the variability regarding disease prevalence, therapeutic management, and therapeutic outcomes among male & female patients.

Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella Typhi (most frequently transmitted via contaminated food or water), was found to be more prevalent in females (70%) than male candidates (30%), though the majority of the sample (80%) was based on the adult population. Most of the cases belonged to the Abbottabad region, and the widal/typhidot test was considered the major diagnostic test. Therapeutic management was mainly comprised of antibiotics together with analgesics/antipyretics, anti-ulcer drugs, antiemetics, electrolytes, and vitamins. Parenteral and oral routes of administration were frequently used for drug administration, with injections (38.1%), infusions (23.8%), and tablets (23.8%) being commonly prescribed.
UTIs, predominantly caused by Escherichia coli, were found to be more prevalent in females (70%) than males, together with a sampled population mainly comprised of adults (90%). Diagnostic tests involved analysis of urine samples, while treatment consisted of antibiotics, antispasmodics, analgesics, probiotics, and supplements. Treatment was mainly comprised of Tablets and injection dosage forms (32.35%).
Pneumonia, caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was found to be equally prevalent in both male and female candidates, and the sampled population was based on adults only. Furthermore, the majority of pneumonia patients (80%) belonged to the district of Abbottabad. Chest X-rays and sputum cultures were analyzed as the main diagnostic parameters, while the treatment regimen contained antibiotics, bronchodilators, analgesics, and steroids, respectively. The oral and parenteral routes of drug administration were most frequently used, with tablets (42.2%) and injections (31.82%) being the most frequently prescribed dosage forms. Statistical analysis indicated significant gender-based variation in the prevalence of typhoid fever/UTI among (p < 0.05), while no such variation was observed among the pneumonia patients.
Eight cases with minor drug-drug interactions have been observed, with no potential drug interactions.

The current study was focused on the prevalence rate and pharmacotherapeutic management of patients with typhoid, Pneumonia, and UTI patients of the districts of Abbottabad and Haripur. Generally, highly efficacious and rationalized therapeutic protocols were followed among all the assessed cases, with no potential drug-drug interactions being observed during analysis.

Current pharmacotherapy assessment aligned well with the standard clinical guidelines, presenting efficacious therapeutic management and ultimately improved patient outcomes. Moreover, focused disorders, particularly UTIs, share multiple risk factors, including poor hygiene and sanitation, along with excessive environmental exposures.